Reported Speech
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Reported Speech - 11. Sınıf İngilizce
Bu derste ne öğreneceğiz?
Bu derste, reported speech (dolaylı anlatım) konusunu öğreneceğiz. Bu yapı, başkalarının söylediklerini dolaylı olarak aktarmamıza olanak tanır. Ayrıca, reported speech kurallarını, zaman değişimlerini ve örnek cümleleri inceleyeceğiz.
Üyeler sınırsız test çözer, dersi dinler, Bir'e Bir ders alır ve ilerlemesini görür. Üye olmadan 20 dakika deneyebilirsin.
Temel kavramlar
Reported speech, bir kişinin söylediklerini başka birine aktarma şeklidir. Bu yapıda, doğrudan alıntı yerine, kişinin sözleri dolaylı olarak ifade edilir. Örneğin:
- Direct Speech: "I am happy." (Ben mutluyum.)
- Reported Speech: She said that she was happy. (O, mutlu olduğunu söyledi.)
Reported speech kullanırken bazı önemli kurallar vardır:
- Zaman değişimi: Cümledeki zaman genellikle bir adım geri gider.
- Özne değişimi: Cümledeki özne, aktaran kişiyle değişir.
- Bağlaç kullanımı: "that" bağlacı genellikle kullanılır.
Ayrıntılı anlatım
Reported speech kullanırken dikkat edilmesi gereken bazı zaman değişimleri vardır:
| Direct Speech | Reported Speech |
|---|---|
| Present Simple: "I eat." | Past Simple: She said that she ate. |
| Present Continuous: "I am eating." | Past Continuous: She said that she was eating. |
| Past Simple: "I ate." | Past Perfect: She said that she had eaten. |
Örnek cümleler üzerinden gidecek olursak:
- Direct: "I will go to the market." → Reported: He said that he would go to the market.
- Direct: "She is studying." → Reported: He said that she was studying.
- Direct: "They have finished their homework." → Reported: She said that they had finished their homework.
Çözümlü örnekler
Şimdi birkaç örnek üzerinden gidelim:
- Direct: "I like ice cream." → Reported: She said that she liked ice cream.
- Direct: "He is playing football." → Reported: She said that he was playing football.
- Direct: "We will travel tomorrow." → Reported: He said that they would travel the next day.
Bu örneklerde, zaman değişimlerine dikkat edilmiştir. Şimdi bu kuralları pekiştirmek için birkaç alıştırma yapalım.
Sık yapılan hatalar
Reported speech kullanırken sık yapılan hatalardan bazıları şunlardır:
- Zaman değişimlerini atlamak.
- Özne ve yüklem uyumsuzluğu.
- Bağlaç olan "that" kelimesini kullanmamayı tercih etmek.
Bu hatalardan kaçınmak için dikkatli olmak önemlidir.
Uygulama
Aşağıdaki cümleleri reported speech'e çevirin:
- Direct: "I am tired."
- Direct: "They will come to the party."
- Direct: "She loves reading books."
- Direct: "We are going to the cinema."
- Direct: "He has a new car."
Mini test
Aşağıdaki cümleleri reported speech'e çevirin:
- Direct: "I am learning English."
- Direct: "She can swim."
- Direct: "They were playing outside."
- Direct: "He has finished his work."
- Direct: "We will see you tomorrow."
Cevap anahtarı
- She said that she was learning English.
- She said that she could swim.
- They said that they had been playing outside.
- He said that he had finished his work.
- They said that they would see us the next day.
Özet
Bu derste reported speech konusunu detaylı bir şekilde inceledik. Zaman değişimlerini, özne değişimlerini ve cümle yapısını öğrendik. Dolaylı anlatım, başkalarının söylediklerini aktarmanın önemli bir yoludur ve doğru kullanımı dil becerilerinizi geliştirecektir.
Örnek sorular
- He said that he is going to the market.
- He said that he was going to the market.
- He said that he goes to the market.
- He said that he went to the market.
Cevabı göster
- She said that she will finish her homework tomorrow.
- She said that she would finish her homework tomorrow.
- She said that she finished her homework tomorrow.
- She said that she finishes her homework tomorrow.
Cevabı göster
- They said that they are watching a movie.
- They said that they were watching a movie.
- They said that they watched a movie.
- They said that they watch a movie.
Cevabı göster
- John said that he had finished his project.
- John said that he has finished his project.
- John said that he finished his project.
- John said that he was finishing his project.
Cevabı göster
- Maria said that she could play the piano.
- Maria said that she can play the piano.
- Maria said that she plays the piano.
- Maria said that she played the piano.